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Norman Richard Spinrad (born September 15, 1940) is an American science fiction author, essayist, and critic.〔(【引用サイトリンク】The New York Times">url=http://movies.nytimes.com/person/282973/Norman-Spinrad ).〕 His fiction has won the Prix Apollo and been nominated for numerous awards, including the Hugo Award and multiple Nebula Awards.〔(Isfdb.org )〕 Born in New York City, Spinrad is a graduate of the Bronx High School of Science. In 1957 he entered City College of New York and graduated in 1961 with a Bachelor of Science degree as a pre-law major.〔Contemporary Authors, Vol. 233. Detroit: Gale, 2005. pp. 358–408 at 366〕 He has lived in San Francisco, Los Angeles, London, Paris, and New York. He married fellow novelist N. Lee Wood in 1990; they divorced in 2005. Spinrad served as President of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA) from 1980 to 1982 and again from 2001 to 2002. He has also worked as a radio phone show host, a vocal artist, a literary agent, and President of World SF. ==Characteristics== In an interview with ''Locus'' magazine in 1999, Spinrad described himself as an "anarchist" and a "syndicalist".〔''Mythmakers and Lawbreakers: Anarchist Writers on Fiction'' by Margaret Killjoy. AK Press, 2009 (p. 205)〕 Some critics have noted utopian themes in Spinrad's works. In a 1999 interview, he talked about the his hopes for the role of science fiction in society: How much science fiction is being published now that's set in worlds that are better than ours? Not that have bigger shopping malls or faster space ships, but where the characters are morally superior, where the society works better, is more just? Not many. It becomes difficult to do it, and that's a feedback relationship with what's happening in the culture, with science fiction being the minor note. People don't credit it anymore! Not just better gizmos and more virtual reality gear, but better societies. People don't believe the future will be a better place. And that is very scary.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Locus Magazine )〕 According to critic Galen Strickland, "Spinrad has never taken the easy course of artistic repetition, nor tailored his thoughts to the dictates of any editor. Each of his books are unique, and explore avenues of thought and speculation few others have traveled. Sex and power are usually his primary themes". Consciousness altering drugs often feature prominently in his stories. According to Spinrad: If there's one gaping void in the story of American literary history in the second half of the twentieth century as currently promulgated, it's the influence of grass and psychedelic drugs, not only on the lives of writers, but on the content of what's been written, and on the form and style too. It's hard to be critically or biographically courageous when so much creative work was done under the influences of jailable offenses.〔Contemporary Authors, Vol. 233. Detroit: Gale, Autobiographical Essay, 2005. pp. 358–408 at 366〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Norman Spinrad」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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